Fairphone 3 Loudspeaker issues

If you consider the hardware is OK, following @urs_lesse guide, then you may want to consider a software option.
The most common ways of investigating an uncommon anomaliy is to check the SD card formatting and trying a Safe Mode restart.

See this recent post for more detail on SD card

and this for Safe Mode
https://support.fairphone.com/hc/en-us/articles/360048843571