First is too remove the display module and dry the phone in flowing air for 24 hours
Clearly you should not be using the phone. If you think the battery has shorted it’s a fire hazard.
You can check the battery voltage, you want a min of 3.8V
The phone will not power on from just power input there has to be a battery
Once the display is removed check for red squares.
Clean all contacts and surfaces with Isopropyl alcohol if they are in any way tarnished
You may want to clean the charging port
You will have no warranty so don’t worry about a deep dive into the modules.
The actual charging units are on the main core module, so check that is clean
The buttons are on a little strip that can also be cleaned.
If the above doesn’t produce any results you find a fairphone angel near you that can provide a more personal help whom may also have some spare modules yo can try.