I had the exact same issue!
I’ve got the fairphone 6 with /e/OS 3.0.4.
I discoverd without doing a reset, an option was switched to “on”, which should not, so it appears..
In “System” => “Keyboard”, the switch “Redirect vibration” (game controllers) was switched “on”!
Switched this to “off”, vibrations worked again!
Hope this helps (for me it did)
