I use the FP6 with e/os for a while now and am very happy with it.
Unfortunately, I found out while keeping it in my car holder, that it turns off when the volume down button is pressed for a longer time even if the screen is off. So first I didn’t even notice how it happened and thought it was a software bug.
Are you sure you are not – unintentionally – holding the power button on the other side of the FP6 when you are pressing the volume button? (like thumb on volume down and index or middle finger on power)
P.S.: I tried this with two other Fairphones as well. Summary of all three:
FP on /e/OS Android 15 (A15): volume down does not shut down the device
FP on Android OS A15: volume down shuts down the device after 16 s
FP on Android OS A15: volume down shuts down the device after 16 s
The volume up button did not shut down any of the three devices.
My FP5 on a custom A15 does indeed abruptly shutdown when holding volume down for 16s
When I plug it in a charger after this, it seems to start powering back on it’s own (I have the warning splash screen saying it will boot a custom OS), but this then seems to fail (short vibrate and white horizontal line on a random place on the screen) and it falls back to the powered-off charging screen. I think this is the feature allowing the phone to start without the power button, but there is a bug and it fails.
If while normally off I hold volume down for a 15s, it enters the recovery menu, which should theoretically allow to boot, but since I can’t confirm any options on mine without the power button, I can’t boot.
If I hold volume down button when it’s in recovery mode or on the custom OS splash warning, it as well abruptly shuts down and in some cases refuses to charge nor react to other volume down long presses. Sometimes the power button works to start it again, but sometimes I’ve had to re-insert the battery to be able to get anything going.
I’ll stop investigating for now, I’m sure there is some specialised android dev article that talks about those things somewhere (didn’t find any in a few minutes search).
Note: maybe do a backup of important data if you want to keep messing around like I did