Because charger & phone need to match in what they expect.
Ok, e.g. a 60W charger could theoretically, if it’s cheap and follows some old USB-C PD Standard, offer the 60W only as 12V/5A. For that, you need the proper (thick) cable, and a phone that wants to use that profile, and not say 18V/3,3A. Cheap mobile/laptop chargers from some time ago, have the reputation to provide a very thin portfolio of voltages/currents tailored to the device they came with. Making them of limited use for other devices, either as slow chargers or in extreme cases not charging at all.
More modern chargers/USB PD standards are more flexible, e.g. allowing the devices to negotiate even variable voltages.
And last but not least, a mobile that is sold as “charging with (up to) n W” charges with n W usually only during a short moment in the sweet spot of the charging curve, while at the start and especially at the end it’s rather slow charging.
And there you get the secret why two 30W chargers can potentially take quite different times charging a phone, model A uses an older PD protocol or even QC3. with few fixed voltage/current profiles, model B offers the mobile a big voltage range and any current draw with it, that it might request, so yes, the phone can basically draw it’s ideal charging curve all the time, limited only by battery temp, instead of being forced to pick suboptimal V/A choices.
That’s what makes USB-C so irritating from times to times.
The fact that manufacturers like Fairphone don’t specify which charging protocols are supported by the FP does not help.
What kind of specification is “can be charged in 20 minutes 50% with a 30W charger”?
20->70%? 0->50%? 50->100%? (Hint all these ranges in practice take different times, for the reason see above)
QC3 30W charger? USB-C PD 3.0 charger? USB-C PD 3.1 charger? Only the original Fairphone charger and chargers that luckily happen to have compatible specs?
(Funny the specs of the Fairphone charger does not mention if it does PD, QC, and which versions either. It only mentions it’s compatible with all Fairphones and all devices with a USB-A/USB-C connector. Hahaha)
Anyway, regards.
Andreas