In the meantime I would also assume that the authorization problem is related to the encryption of /data, maybe also your other problems.
@Johannes pointed out this possibility. Looking at another post from him, where he describes the location of the authorization file, this also makes sense: The file is apparently stored somewhere in /data:
Unfortunately the version or the modification of TWRP which Fairphone uses cannot handle encrypted /data partitions (see also @lklaus’ post above) , which is very very annoying and significantly reduces the usefulness of TWRP. Actually it renders it rather pointless. Particularly that you can’t use ADB, as usually using ADB in recovery is an important way for troubleshooting.
Edit: @paulakreuzer, maybe this info can be added to the first post: The Fairphone port of TWRP that ships with Open OS is not able to deal with encrypted devices, which makes it impossible to make system backpups, and apparently also to use ADB in recovery.