Which file exactly do you want to install this way?
You can’t install the manual installation file with TWRP, and OTA files for installing with TWRP are only provided for Fairphone Open OS since Android 7.
Worth a try when in TWRP …
A little more detail in between …
Else … fastboot mode on the phone and the fastboot command on a computer are the “last line of defence” when things go wrong, this has to work somehow … and usually it does.
Try the steps 1. and 2. here to get fastboot going … and report any errors with this …