Did anyone run virtual machines using kvm on fairphone 5?

Hi, on my next phone I want to be able to run virtual machines using kvm.
Currently my fairphone 5 does not work and I am waiting for support to answer and get a replacement.

Hardware supported virtual machines are possible since android 13 I believe, but of course the hardware also needs to support that.

So three questions:

  • is the hardware able to run virtual machines using kvm?
  • did anybody succeed in doing that on fairphone 5 ?
  • should I aim for fairphone 5 or a different device?

Hey there. So far I’m not aware of any fully-featured and native hypervisor on Android or any phone, really. There are some propritary apps which use AVF, i.e. Androids Virtualization technology which is available starting with Android 13. I don’t have any experience with those apps or AVF.

But there are also so-called “PRoot Environment” apps (which I used in the past with my FP5) like …

or

They’re nice to play around with but not really up to par when you intend to replace your laptop or anything like this.

Also, to my knowledge, none of them are using (QEMU) KVM. I can’t say how well they perform in terms of any hardware forwarding like graphics acceleration. A Smartphone is just no workstation. Direct File/Exchange does work, though.

I think you might be also a little bit mistaken. Indeed, KVM is available for ARM platforms however not on Android but rather on Linux or Mac OS. Furthermore QEMU/KVM is mostly used to have a virtualized Android running on common x86 machines. Not so much the other way around. Hence you might experience lag of functionality and/or perfromance.

Hello,

I did try once to run an emulator, but my aim was to run Android 32bit. Experience was not successful.

For Linux experience on the Fairphone, I switch OS and install Ubuntu Touch. :slight_smile:

Why are you thinking of Virtual Machine? Do you have a specific usecase, or is it just for checking if it works? :wink:

1 Like

This is not true. AFAIU since android 13 google delivers an extended KVM experience (called pKVM) in android base AOSP.
E.g. see KVM for Android [LWN.net]
The google pixel devices are supported at least since pixel 6a.

True, that is why I would like to have experiences reports (or some benchmarks) if and how well a “sub-android” runs in the device.

I want to keep a google certified base system and be able to run apps completely isolated from it. Maybe the minimal VMs google envisions are enough, but i certainly would like to run another OS as well.

1 Like

I don’t think CPU and RAM of FP5 will be sufficient to run KVM machines properly, especially if they use another CPU architecture :thinking:

And probably the same will hold for other smartphones, too. I use KVM on a Linux box with 6 CPU cores and 64 GB RAM so I can comfortably run e.g. Windows in a VM.

I am mostly looking for android as guest system.
A driving use case is running apps with stronger isolation than what is normal/possible with a certified google android. And if possible without rebooting.
Id like to be able to install software which needs the device to be rooted (but without rooting).

My apologies I should have been more specific but I was too lazy.

Your right, KVM is native to Linux since pretty much for ever (kernel 2.6…). And so is Android in a way.

Development for bringing that to the masses was full steam ahead during 2020 and indeed it seems by now they’ve succeeded. But even your article (thanks for the link, it was a really interesting read) states that they were rather aiming for the kernel 5.9. or even 5.11.

“The project is the top contributor to KVM for arm64 for the 5.9 and 5.10 kernels;…”

“The EL2 code needs to be self-contained and safe against a compromised host, which is not the case for kernels prior to 5.9…”

“The protected KVM project has some patches that it is targeting for Linux 5.11”

The latter (i.e. 5.11) was what I found confirmed in more recent posts (2024). I don’t have any hard proof or first-hand experience in that regard, though. It seems more or less only Google’s Pixel phones which use more recent kernels do provide this feature at the moment.

So far, last time I checked FP5 was still using kernel 5.4 (Android 13)…

~ $ uname -a
Linux localhost 5.4.219-qgki... #1 SMP PREEMPT Sun Jun 9 22:05:43 CST 2024 aarch64 Android

I don’t have ar rooted phone to check out

~ $ ls -l /dev/kvm

or

~ $ ls -l /dev/pkvm

No such file or directory

No such file or directory

EDIT:

And here the full list of /dev/
adb shell ls -l /dev
total 8
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:0
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:1
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:2
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:3
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:4
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:49456
crw-------  1 system      system          241,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:49476
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:49488
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   9 1970-01-30 00:26 0:0:0:5
drwx--x--x  2 root        root                8900 1970-01-30 00:26 __properties__
crw-rw-r--  1 system      system          510,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 adsprpc-smd
crw-r--r--  1 system      system          510,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 adsprpc-smd-secure
crw-------  1 root        root            236,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 apr_apps2
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root             10, 126 1970-01-30 00:26 ashmem
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root             10, 126 1970-01-30 00:26 ashmem9bed48a4-cefa-4d2c-8888-2c4a6395656e
crw-r-----  1 radio       radio           236,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 at_mdm0
crw-r-----  1 radio       radio           480,   0 2025-06-11 09:56 at_usb0
crw-------  1 root        root            480,   1 2025-06-11 09:56 at_usb1
crw-------  1 root        root            480,   2 2025-06-11 09:56 at_usb2
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root             10, 117 1970-01-30 00:26 aw882xx_smartpa
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  20 1970-01-30 00:26 binder -> /dev/binderfs/binder
drwxr-xr-x  3 root        root                   0 1970-01-30 00:26 binderfs
dr-xr-xr-x  3 system      system                 0 1970-01-30 00:26 blkio
drwxr-xr-x  6 root        root                4240 2025-06-11 09:57 block
drwxr-xr-x  3 root        root                  60 1970-01-30 00:26 boringssl
crw-rw----  1 bluetooth   system          481,   0 2025-06-11 09:56 btfmslim
crw-rw----  1 bluetooth   system          484,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 btpower
drwxr-xr-x  3 root        root                  60 1970-01-30 00:26 bus
crw-rw----  1 system      vendor_qdss     490,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 byte-cntr
crw-------  1 root        root            479,   1 2025-06-11 09:56 ccid_bulk
crw-------  1 root        root            479,   0 2025-06-11 09:56 ccid_ctrl
d?????????  ? ?           ?                      ?                ? cgroup_info
crw-------  1 root        root              5,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 console
crw-------  1 root        root            493,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 coresight-stm
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 124 1970-01-30 00:26 coresight-tmc-etf
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 122 1970-01-30 00:26 coresight-tmc-etr
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 125 1970-01-30 00:26 cpu_dma_latency
-r--r--r--  1 root        root                  10 1970-01-30 00:26 cpu_variant:arm
-r--r--r--  1 root        root                   7 1970-01-30 00:26 cpu_variant:arm64
dr-xr-xr-x 11 system      system                 0 1970-01-30 00:26 cpuctl
dr-xr-xr-x  9 system      system                 0 1970-01-30 00:26 cpuset
crw-------  1 root        root            251,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 dcc_sram
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 236 1970-01-30 00:26 device-mapper
crw-rw----  1 usb         usb             505,   1 2025-06-11 09:56 dpl_ctrl
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root                  80 1970-01-30 00:26 dri
-?????????  ? ?           ?                      ?                ? event-log-tags
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  13 1970-01-30 00:26 fd -> /proc/self/fd
dr-xr-x---  1 shell       system                 0 2025-06-11 09:56 ffs-diag
dr-xr-x---  1 shell       system                 0 2025-06-11 09:56 ffs-diag-1
dr-xr-x---  1 shell       system                 0 2025-06-11 09:56 ffs-diag-2
crw-rw----  1 system      system          504,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 focaltech_fp
drwxrwx---  2 root        system                60 2025-06-11 09:57 fscklogs
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              1,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 full
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 229 1970-01-30 00:26 fuse
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 gpiochip0
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 gpiochip1
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 gpiochip2
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 gpiochip3
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 gpiochip4
crw-------  1 root        root            254,   5 2025-06-11 09:56 gpiochip5
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root             10, 121 1970-01-30 00:26 gtp_tools
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc0
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc1
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  10 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc10
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  11 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc11
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  12 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc12
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  13 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc13
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  14 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc14
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  15 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc15
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  16 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc16
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  17 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc17
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  18 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc18
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  19 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc19
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc2
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  20 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc20
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  21 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc21
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  22 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc22
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  23 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc23
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  24 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc24
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  25 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc25
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  26 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc26
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  27 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc27
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  28 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc28
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  29 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc29
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc3
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  30 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc30
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  31 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc31
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  32 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc32
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  33 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc33
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  34 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc34
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  35 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc35
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  36 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc36
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  37 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc37
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  38 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc38
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  39 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc39
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc4
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  40 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc40
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  41 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc41
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  42 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc42
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  43 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc43
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  44 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc44
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  45 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc45
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  46 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc46
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  47 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc47
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  48 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc48
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  49 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc49
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc5
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  50 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc50
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  51 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc51
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  52 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc52
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  53 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc53
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  54 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc54
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  55 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc55
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  56 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc56
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  57 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc57
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  58 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc58
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  59 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc59
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc6
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  60 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc60
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  61 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc61
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  62 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc62
crw-------  1 root        root            229,  63 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc63
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc7
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc8
crw-------  1 root        root            229,   9 1970-01-30 00:26 hvc9
cr--------  1 prng_seeder prng_seeder      10, 183 1970-01-30 00:26 hw_random
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  22 1970-01-30 00:26 hwbinder -> /dev/binderfs/hwbinder
crw-------  1 root        root             89,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 i2c-0
crw-------  1 root        root             89,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 i2c-1
crw-------  1 root        root             89,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 i2c-2
crw-------  1 root        root             89,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 i2c-3
crw-------  1 root        root             89,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 i2c-4
crw-rw-r--  1 system      system          243,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 iio:device0
crw-rw-r--  1 system      system          243,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 iio:device1
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root                 200 2025-06-11 09:56 input
crw-rw-r--  1 system      system           10, 127 1970-01-30 00:26 ion
crw-rw----  1 radio       radio           496,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipa
crw-------  1 root        root            487,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipaIpv6CTTable
crw-rw----  1 radio       radio           488,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipaNatTable
crw-rw----  1 system      vendor_adpl_odl 495,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipa_adpl
crw-rw----  1 radio       radio           494,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipa_odl_ctl
crw-------  1 root        root            486,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ipa_tethering_bridge
crw-rw-rw-  1 system      system          509,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 kgsl-3d0
crw--w----  1 root        system            1,  11 1970-01-30 00:26 kmsg
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 237 1970-01-30 00:26 loop-control
crw-rw----  1 system      camera          245,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 media0
crw-rw----  1 system      camera          245,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 media1
crw-rw-r--  1 system      system          239,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 membuf
dr-xr-xr-x  4 root        root                   0 1970-01-30 00:26 memcg
crw-------  1 root        root            256,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 msm-rng
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 113 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_aac
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 116 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_aac_in
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 112 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_alac
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 111 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_amrnb
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 115 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_amrnb_in
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 110 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_amrwb
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 114 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_amrwb_in
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 109 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_amrwbplus
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 108 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_ape
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 120 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_audio_cal
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 107 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_evrc
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10,  98 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_evrc_in
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 106 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_g711alaw
crw-------  1 root        root             10,  97 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_g711alaw_in
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 105 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_g711mlaw
crw-------  1 root        root             10,  96 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_g711mlaw_in
crw-------  1 root        root            489,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_hdcp
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 104 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_hweffects
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 103 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_mp3
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 102 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_multi_aac
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 101 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_qcelp
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10,  95 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_qcelp_in
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 119 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_rtac
crw-------  1 root        root            250,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_sps
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10, 100 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_wma
crw-rw----  1 system      audio            10,  99 1970-01-30 00:26 msm_wmapro
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root                  60 1970-01-30 00:26 net
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              1,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 null
c-w--w--w-  1 root        log             252,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 pmsg0
crw-rw----  1 radio       vpn             108,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ppp
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              5,   2 2025-06-11 10:01 ptmx
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root                   0 1970-01-30 00:26 pts
crw-rw----  1 system      drmrpc          491,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 qce
crw-rw----  1 system      drmrpc          508,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 qseecom
crw-rw----  1 system      system          499,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 qvr_external_sensor_ioctl
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_a660_zap
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  15 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_adsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_adsp_rh
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  21 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_cdsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_cdsp_minidump
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_a660_zap
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  16 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_adsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  22 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_cdsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  20 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_modem
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_trustedvm
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  24 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_venus
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  18 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_wpss
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_md_yupik_ipa_fws
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_microdump_modem
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  19 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_modem
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_trustedvm
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  23 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_venus
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  14 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcnss_PHYAPDMEM
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  13 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcnss_WCSSDBG
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  10 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcnss_phyareg
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  11 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcnss_phydbg
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  12 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcnss_wmac0reg
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   9 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wcss_msa0
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,  17 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_wpss
crw-r-----  1 system      system          237,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 ramdump_yupik_ipa_fws
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              1,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 random
crw-------  1 root        root            483,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 rdbg_adsp
crw-------  1 root        root            483,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 rdbg_cdsp
crw-------  1 root        root            483,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 rdbg_modem
crw-------  1 root        root            483,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 rdbg_wcnss
crw-------  1 root        root             10, 242 1970-01-30 00:26 rfkill
crw-rw----  1 usb         usb             505,   0 2025-06-11 09:56 rmnet_ctrl
crw-rw----  1 system      system          246,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 rtc0
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 sg0
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 sg1
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 sg2
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 sg3
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 sg4
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 sg5
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 sg6
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 sg7
crw-------  1 root        root             21,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 sg8
crw-rw----  1 system      drmrpc          238,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 smcinvoke
crw-rw----  1 radio       radio           236,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 smd11
crw-rw----  1 bluetooth   bluetooth       236,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 smd7
crw-------  1 root        root            236,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 smd8
crw-r-----  1 radio       radio           236,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 smdcntl8
drwxr-xr-x  2 root        root                1420 2025-06-11 09:56 snd
drwxr-xr-x 12 root        root                1040 2025-06-11 09:58 socket
crw-rw----  1 nfc         nfc              10, 118 1970-01-30 00:26 st21nfc
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  15 1970-01-30 00:26 stderr -> /proc/self/fd/2
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  15 1970-01-30 00:26 stdin -> /proc/self/fd/0
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  15 1970-01-30 00:26 stdout -> /proc/self/fd/1
crw-rw-rw-  1 system      system           10, 123 1970-01-30 00:26 stmvl53l1_ranging
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_a660_zap
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_adsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_cdsp
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_modem
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_trustedvm
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_venus
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_wpss
crw-r-----  1 system      system          492,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 subsys_yupik_ipa_fws
crw-rw----  1 root        camera          503,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 synx_device
drwxr-xr-x  4 system      system                80 1970-01-30 00:26 sys
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              5,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 tty
crw-------  1 root        root            235,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ttyEUD0
crw-rw----  1 bluetooth   net_bt          511,   0 2025-06-11 10:02 ttyHS0
crw-------  1 root        root            234,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 ttyMSM0
crw-rw----  1 system      vpn              10, 200 1970-01-30 00:26 tun
crw-------  1 root        root            241,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 ufs-bsg0
crw-rw----  1 uhid        uhid             10, 239 1970-01-30 00:26 uhid
crw-rw----  1 uhid        uhid             10, 223 1970-01-30 00:26 uinput
crw-rw----  1 system      system          507,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 uio0
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              1,   9 1970-01-30 00:26 urandom
drwxrwxr-x  5 shell       system               100 2025-06-11 09:56 usb-ffs
crw-rw----  1 root        usb              10,  94 2025-06-11 09:56 usb_accessory
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   4 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev0
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev1
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  14 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev10
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  15 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev11
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  16 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev12
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  17 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev13
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  18 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev14
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  19 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev15
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  20 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev16
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  21 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev17
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  22 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev18
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  23 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev19
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   6 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev2
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  24 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev20
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  25 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev21
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   7 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev3
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   8 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev4
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   9 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev5
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  10 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev6
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  11 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev7
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  12 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev8
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,  13 1970-01-30 00:26 v4l-subdev9
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   2 1970-01-30 00:26 video0
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   3 1970-01-30 00:26 video1
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 video32
crw-rw----  1 system      camera           81,   1 1970-01-30 00:26 video33
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root        root                  23 1970-01-30 00:26 vndbinder -> /dev/binderfs/vndbinder
crw-rw----  1 wifi        wifi            482,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 wlan
crw-rw----  1 radio       radio           485,   0 1970-01-30 00:26 wwan_ioctl
crw-rw-rw-  1 root        root              1,   5 1970-01-30 00:26 zero
1 Like