Why do you expect gphoto2 to work with a phone in that way? Have you had a look at their documentation? There are only proper cameras listed as supported with remote control.
You can use something along the lines of …
adb shell 'am start -a android.media.action.IMAGE_CAPTURE && input keyevent CAMERA'
… to take pictures, you’ll obviously have to refine that further, have fun with that.
Use scrcpy if you need a visual component for that or want to use your phone’s screen as a webcam in Linux.
This is a user forum, none of us get paid to help you, so good luck, I’m out 