Video or doesn’t happen 
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Since Android 6 the phone’s expected behaviour is … you have to set the USB connection mode from charging to file transfer every time you connect the phone, else there will be no files.
What you can do without the display, however, is connecting the phone to USB, then boot TWRP (even without installing it, if it isn’t installed), and then TWRP will offer Internal Storage and SD card (if there is one) via USB in MTP mode without further interaction (Edit: With an encrypted data partition you need a USB OTG adapter and a USB keyboard to enter the decryption password blindly).