You could try the following …
If not done already, make the Developer options visible by tapping on the Build number in Settings - About phone a few times until you are being declared a developer.
Then see whether it makes a difference if you set Settings - System - Developer options - Default USB configuration (or similar wording) to File transfer.
If this doesn’t help …
File transfer is done via MTP (Media Transfer Protocol).
Here’s a generic MTP and driver repair …
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Disconnect the phone from the computer.
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In Control Panel (search for it in the Start menu) - Programs and Features:
Uninstall the Android SDK (if installed) and everything with “MTP” or “ADB” in its name. -
Reboot Windows.
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In Device Manager (via Control Panel - Device Manager or search for it in the Settings):
Enable View - Show hidden devices, and then uninstall every possible ADB, MTP and smartphone device, hidden or not. -
Reboot Windows.
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Connect the phone again. Windows should install the necessary drivers then automatically. They can be named after a different device, this doesn’t matter.
For others perhaps finding this topic with the same issue, additionally make sure your Windows is not a Windows N version (“N” = without Media Player, result of an old antitrust case).
A Windows N version would need the “Media Feature Pack” before it can do MTP. This should be installable via Settings - Apps - Apps and Features - Optional features in Windows 10 N (version 1909 and later) or via Settings - Apps - Optional features in Windows 11 N, for older Windows N versions there were dedicated install files to download …
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3145500/media-feature-pack-list-for-windows-n-editions