Here are some references in an orderly fashion …
Important to note is how Android comes to a phone:
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Google develops and supports the basic Android and gives it free of charge to the public with the Android Open Source Project (AOSP).
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Smartphone vendors take AOSP and adapt/change it to run on their phones and fit their needs. In the case of the Fairphone 2, that results in Fairphone OS and Fairphone Open OS, done and supported by Fairphone.
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Smartphone vendors then have the choice to additionally make a deal with Google to bundle their OS with Google’s popular set of Apps and services, which are not part of AOSP, and which most Android phone customers want to have, so that results in Fairphone OS with all those Google Apps and services.
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Community projects take AOSP and adapt/change it to achieve some goal(s), e.g. having an Android independent from the smartphone vendor, choosing to not include certain things, choosing to do certain things differently.
That results in e.g. LineageOS without Google Apps and services, or /e/ taking LineageOS and throwing out even more underlying Google stuff which LineageOS still has. -
Google brings updates and patches to AOSP, and then smartphone vendors and community projects have to bring those updates and patches to their Android, carefully checking whether Google’s changes break something the vendors and projects themselves changed when they adapted/changed AOSP.
That results in e.g. Samsung and Huawei having a lot of work with every update, because they changed AOSP so much to have their own look and operating logic.
That luckily results in an increasing number of vendors changing as little as possible in AOSP to ensure timely updates with a minimum of checking/adapting involved.
That also results in Android One.
The bottom line of this:
Fairphone OS, Fairphone Open OS, LineageOS and /e/ are all Android, just in different flavours with different amounts of Google stuff. But they are all Android and are based on Google’s work and dependent on Google update support to some degree.
Sailfish OS is not Android.
UBports is a community continuation of Ubuntu Touch after Canonical (the company behind Ubuntu) dropped developing it, and also not Android.
So …
What is it you really want?
To totally get away from Google and Android on the Fairphone 2 means checking out Sailfish OS and UBports.
To still have Android, but as little as possible involvement of Google currently on the Fairphone 2 means checking out Fairphone Open OS (see #openos, Android 7, supported by Fairphone until they say they can’t do it anymore, Google dropped Android 7 support already), LineageOS (see #lineageos, currently Android 10) and /e/ (see #e-eelo, currently Android 9).