I’m afraid this would be very, very hard. Not to say, almost impossible.
Some years ago, a big brand did us a favour and tried to list down all materials used in all components of one of their products + suppliers, sub-suppliers and further on. They choose a radio alarm clock as product, since this is a very “simple” product, not too complicated.
In the end, the project wasn’t even finished. No one would ever read a book so thick, not even our inspection officers.
I guess this would be even worse for a high-tech smartphone with a lot of different materials, components, elements that are put together into components, …
This is also the main reason a “product material passport” has not yet been issued on EU level, but that’s a bit too much off-topic