Did you check/try to clean the contacts where the bottom module is connected to the phone?
Don’t really think the problem is software-wise. But anyway, do you have a working backup so you could you try a factory reset?
I did not clean the contacts, but they did not seam to be dirty. How do I clean the contacts without destroying anything?
Factory reset did not solved the Problem.
Does the case sit in position properly? There is just a tiny 1 mm hole for the microphone.
You performed both tests (Settings > Maintenance > Checkup > Primary microphone + Sound recorder) with both bottom modules (old and new)? Does the secondary microphone (at the opposite end of the phone) work?