Welcome to the forum.
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The OS is mainly open source (see e.g. Fairphone 5 Android 13 and 14 source code build) but contains blobs (mainly SoC vendors drivers).
FPOS is with Google apps (can be disabled; uninstallable (for advanced users), but “fully”… - don’t know)
/e/OS is without Google data leakage
There are more options, see oslist
Phone is designed to allow installation of custom OS -
I suppose, yes. Maybe there’s some here already using it…
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512 GB SD card is possible
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Phone has one nano sim slot and supports in addition one resin
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There’s IMHO no planned obsolescence. FP will try to publish updates as long as possible. It will probably end when available firmware blobs for SoC can no longer be used with then current Android
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Phone might IMHO overheat under high load and hot weather temperature
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4200mAh